Verrucous carcinoma of vulva associated with lichen sclerosus and condyloma: case report
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Vulvar Verrucous Carcinoma (VVC) is a rare lesion, with few described cases. It has low metastatic potential with high morbidity due to the necessity of extensive resections, although. Previously, VVC was considered a synonym to the Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor (BLT) or Giant Condyloma Acuminatum (GCA). Lichen Sclerosus (LS) is associated with Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN) and Vulvar Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC); association with VVC is also described. The case of a 60-year-old menopausal woman is reported; she had chronic itching and an extensive verrucous lesion in vulva, initially diagnosed and treated as condyloma acuminatum; there was recurrence as verrucous carcinoma associated to LS. Excision with margins was performed and clobetasol and imiquimod were used. Patient had complete remission with no further recurrences. Distinction between VVC and BLT can be difficult; current literature considers them different entities. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the presence of LS play a controversial role in these injuries.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ackerman LV. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Surgery. 1948 Apr;23(4):670-8.
Kraus FT, Pérez-Mesa C. Verrucous carcinoma. Clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia. Cancer. 1966 Jan;19(1):26-38. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(196601)19:1<26:aidcncr2820190103>3.0.co;2-l.
Wang SH, Chi CC, Wong YW, Salim A, Manek S, Wojnarowska F. Genital verrucous carcinoma is associated with lichen sclerosus: a retrospective study and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Jul;24(7):815-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03531.x.
Zhang W, Wang Y, Chen W, Du J, Xiang L, Ye S, Yang H. Verrucous Carcinoma of the Vulva: A Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Case Rep. 2019 Apr 19;20:551-556. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.914367.
Gualco M, Bonin S, Foglia G, Fulcheri E, Odicino F, Prefumo F, Stanta G, Ragni N. Morphologic and biologic studies on ten cases of verrucous carcinoma of the vulva supporting the theory of a discrete clinico-pathologic entity. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2003 May-Jun;13(3):317-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2003.13200.x.
Bambao C, Nofech-Mozes S, Shier M. Giant condyloma versus verrucous carcinoma: a case report. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2010 Jul;14(3):230-3. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181c945ed.
Powell JJ, Wojnarowska F. Lichen sclerosus. Lancet. 1999 May 22;353(9166):1777-83. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)08228-2.
van de Nieuwenhof HP, Bulten J, Hollema H, Dommerholt RG, Massuger LF, van der Zee AG, de Hullu JA, van Kempen LC. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is often found in lesions, previously diagnosed as lichen sclerosus, which have progressed to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2011 Feb;24(2):297-305. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.192.
Elsayed AG, Sola-Rufai ST, Griswold D, Pacioles T. Verrucous carcinoma arising in a long standing Buschke-Löwenstein tumor. Clin Case Rep. 2019 Feb 19;7(4):836-838. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.2029.
Ghaemmaghami F, Nazari Z. Giant condyloma accuminatum mimicking vulvar verrucous carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007 Jun;33(5):668-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.09.031.
Liu G, Li Q, Shang X, Qi Z, Han C, Wang Y, Xue F. Verrucous Carcinoma of the Vulva: A 20 Year Retrospective Study and Literature Review. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2016 Jan;20(1):114-8. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000164.
Campaner, AB, Cardoso FA, Fernandes GL, Veasey JV. Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva: diagnosis and treatment. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia [online]. 2017;92(2):243-245. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20174929.
Crowther ME, Shepherd JH, Fisher C. Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva containing human papillomavirus-11. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1988 Apr;95(4):414-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06617.x.
Derrick EK, Ridley CM, Kobza-Black A, McKee PH, Neill SM. A clinical study of 23 cases of female anogenital carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Dec;143(6):1217-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03891.x.
Nascimento AF, Granter SR, Cviko A, Yuan L, Hecht JL, Crum CP. Vulvar acanthosis with altered differentiation: a precursor to verrucous carcinoma? Am J Surg Pathol. 2004 May;28(5):638-43. doi: 10.1097/00000478-200405000-00012.